Jyoti Bashyal 
The rate of most of the chemical reactions increases with an increase in temperature. The rate constant of a chemical process doubles for every 10 degrees Celsius rise in temperature. Until 1889, there was no precise way to physically determine … Read more
Neodymium is a chemical element with an atomic number of 60 and is represented by the symbol ‘Nd’ in the periodic table. It is hard and silvery in appearance and classified as rare earth metal and belongs to the f-block … Read more
Holmium is a chemical element with an atomic number of 67 and is represented by the symbol ‘Ho’ in the periodic table. It is soft and silvery-white in appearance and classified as rare earth metal and belongs to the f-block … Read more
The alchemist first created nitric acid (HNO3) by combining saltpeter (KNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The process involved the method to separate gold and silver, wherein silver demonstrated solubility while gold exhibited insolubility. The acid was referred to as … Read more
Differential and Integrated Rate Equation of Zero Order Kinetics A reaction is considered to be of zero order if its rate is independent of the concentration of the reactants. Let us consider a general zero-order reaction. Initially concentration At time … Read more
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a technique utilized to measure alterations in mass or the overall mass of a substance in relation to variations in temperature. During the process of thermogravimetric analysis, the continuous monitoring of the mass of a given … Read more
Sulfur forms numerous allotropes, among them the two most important allotropes of sulfur are yellow rhombic sulfur (α-sulfur) and monoclinic (β-sulfur). The sulfur content within the Earth’s crust is estimated to be approximately 0.6 percent by abundance. Abundant reserves of … Read more
Phosphorus is highly reactive and therefore does not exist in its elemental form in nature. Phosphates tend to occur in an amalgamated state. The significant phosphate minerals include: Phosphate rock or phosphorite: Ca3(PO4)2Fluorapatite: 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2Chlorapatite: 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaCl2Vivianite: Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O In addition to the … Read more
Heavy water, scientifically called deuterium oxide, is a variant of water wherein the regular hydrogen atoms are replaced by heavy hydrogen, commonly known as deuterium. Alternatively, it can be expressed as 2H2O or D2O. Deuterium exhibits distinct characteristics compared to … Read more