Jyoti Bashyal 
Chemical equilibrium is defined as the state of a system in which the concentration of the reactant and the concentration of the products do not fluctuate over time and the system exhibits no additional change in properties. When the rate … Read more
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the most useful tools in phytochemistry and biotechnology for monitoring the progress of organic chemical reactions and determining the purity of organic compounds. Like all chromatographic methods, TLC uses the analyte’s different affinity … Read more
Regarding the prediction of the type of polymerization, before anything else, it’s critical to recognize the monomers’ primary functional groups. You may encounter a variety of polymer-related problems to solve: Predicting the type of polymerization reaction for given monomer(s) Addition polymers … Read more
An aromatic hydrocarbon, also known as arene (or aryl hydrocarbon), is a hydrocarbon that has sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms to form rings. Benzene, C6H6, and other aromatic hydrocarbons have such distinct features from ordinary open-chain … Read more
The stability constant (also known as a formation constant or binding constant) is an equilibrium constant for complex formation in solution. Transition element ions are hydrated in aqueous solutions. They are complex ions that contain water as a ligand. Different … Read more
Transition metal complexes, like organic compounds, exhibit stereoisomerism, specifically geometric and optical isomerism. Geometric isomers, on the other hand, are only possible for square planar and octahedral complexes, not tetrahedral. In contrast, optical isomers are only possible for tetrahedral and … Read more
A compound’s concentrations in a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium are expressed as a partition coefficient (P) or distribution coefficient (D). What is Partition Coefficient? The ratio of a compound’s unionized species concentrations in a mixture of two … Read more
Definition of Lewis Acids and Bases Gilbert Newton Lewis (American, 1923) put forward a broader concept of acids and bases on the basis of electron transfer. This concept is called the Lewis concept. Lewis’s concept eliminates the necessity of the … Read more
Standard Electrode Potential (Eꝋ) value of three different half-cell types is determined by connecting to a standard hydrogen electrode. Measuring the standard electrode potential of Metal/metal ion An example of a metal/metal ion half-cell is the Cu2+ / Cu half-cell … Read more