Jyoti Bashyal 
Valence electrons are electrons that exist at the highest energy level of an atom, which is often the outermost level. These electrons are the ones that take part in the bonding process. There is a specific number of electrons in each neutral … Read more
Oxygen has helped us understand how life on Earth has evolved by offering crucial hints about geological processes. The non-metallic oxygen atom, which is located in group 16 and period 2 of the periodic table, is unusually reactive and forms … Read more
What are reactants? What are products? What are Coefficients? What are Subscripts? What is the law of conservation of mass? Methods of Balancing a Chemical Equation A balanced chemical equation is essential to obtain meaningful information about the chemical change … Read more
An infrared Spectrophotometer (or infrared spectrometer) determines the chemical composition of liquid or solid polymer sample. The infrared spectrum of different chemical composition will differ according to their structure and hence, the reading of infrared spectrum absorptions allows us to … Read more
Computational chemistry is a discipline of chemistry that applies the insights of theoretical chemistry incorporated into efficient computer programs to calculate the structures and characteristics of molecules and solids. Computational chemistry is a relatively new discipline of chemistry that use … Read more
Allotropes occur when one element may exist in more than one physical configuration, providing distinct allotropes diverse structures and characteristics and, hence, different usage in daily life. Each carbon atom may form a maximum of four bonds. As a result, … Read more
Carbon, with the atomic number 6 and the symbol C, is found in Periodic Table Group 14. Carbon is a nonmetal that can be found in nature in the forms of graphite, diamond, or fullerenes. It has four electrons available … Read more
Boron, a chemical element with the symbol B is semimetal of main Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the periodic table with the atomic number 5. It exists in numerous forms, the most common of which is amorphous boron, … Read more
Beryllium is a toxic bivalent element that is steel gray in color, strong, and light in weight and is mostly utilized as a hardening agent in alloys. Beryllium has one of the light metals’ highest melting points. It possesses high thermal … Read more