Kabita Sharma 
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory is a basic theory that predicts and explains the shape and bond angles of various molecules and ions with simple covalent bonds. This theory was proposed by Sedgwick and Powell initially in 1940 and developed … Read more
Ecotoxicology combines elements of ecology, toxicology, physiology, analytical chemistry, molecular biology, and mathematics. Ecotoxicology studies how pollutants, such as pesticides, affect people, populations, the environment, and ecosystems. Ecosystems are made up of groups of living beings and the habitats they … Read more
The important component of nanoscience and nanotechnology is the synthesis of nanomaterials and nanostructures. New physical properties and applications of nanomaterials are only achievable when nanostructured materials of the necessary size, shape, morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition are made … Read more
Liquid crystals (LCs) are a kind of matter that exists between crystalline solids, which have a regular periodic arrangement of atoms or molecules, and isotropic liquids, which have no order.The study of liquid crystals began in 1888, when an Austrian … Read more
Metal ores are scarce on Earth. They can’t be replenished if we use them all up. There is a finite quantity of metal ores on Earth. Things made from metals and other materials from the Earth’s crust are frequently discarded. … Read more
In 1911, Rutherford and his assistants, H. Geiger, and E. Marsden, conducted the Alpha Particle scattering experiment, which resulted in the formation of the ‘nuclear model of an atom.’ α-ray Scattering Experiment was a successful attempt to present a Rutherford atomic … Read more
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow that a liquid exhibits because of the internal friction that occurs between the different layers of the fluid. The majority of fluids have some resistance to motion, and we refer to … Read more
Fractional distillation is a method of separating the various components of a chemical mixture into different parts (called fractions) based on their boiling points. In fractional distillation, a liquid mixture is evaporated to produce a mixture of constituents, from which the … Read more
Nanolithography is a subfield of nanotechnology that refers to the process of imprinting , writing, or etching patterns on a tiny scale to build extremely small structures. Nanolithography is primarily used in a variety of technological fields ranging from electronics … Read more