Kabita Sharma 
The atomic radius of an element is the typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary surrounding the electron cloud. Since the boundary is not a well-defined entity, there are various nonequivalent definitions of atomic radius. According … Read more
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to quantify metal atoms by measuring the intensity of light produced by the atoms in excited states. When an excited atom returns to its ground state, it emits a specific wavelength … Read more
Nitriles are considered a derivative of hydrocyanic acid (HCN). When the hydrogen atom of HCN is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group, the compounds obtained are called cyanides or nitriles. The organic derivatives of hydrocyanic acid HCN are alkyl … Read more
Amines are the class of organic compounds obtained by replacing one, or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups. On the basis of the number of alkyl groups present in the compounds, amines are classified as primary secondary, tertiary. … Read more
Carboxylic acids are the organic compounds containing the carboxyl group (-COOH) as a functional group. The general formula is: The name carboxyl is obtained from carbonyl (-CHO) and hydroxyl (-OH) as in the carboxyl group carbonyl and hydroxyl group are … Read more
Esters are the derivatives of carboxylic acids containing -COOR as a functional group, in which the -OH group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by the -OR group. Esters are important derivatives of an acid. The ester of a carboxylic … Read more
Alcohols are the organic compounds containing the hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the saturated carbon. The -OH group acts as a functional group of alcohols that determines the characteristic properties of alcohols. They have the general formula R-OH. where R= alkyl or … Read more
Haloalkanes are the organic compounds containing the halogen group attached to the carbon. The halogen bonded to the carbon atom acts as a functional group of haloalkane. eg: They have the general formula R-X. where R= alkyl group, X= Cl, … Read more
Alkanes are the simplest organic compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only. They have the general formula CnH2n+2. They are also known as saturated hydrocarbons since their carbon skeleton is entirely saturated with hydrogens. Alkanes consist of strong C-C … Read more