Nitric Acid (HNO3): Properties, Reactions, Applications

Nitric Acid (HNO3)

The alchemist first created nitric acid (HNO3) by combining saltpeter (KNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The process involved the method to separate gold and silver, wherein silver demonstrated solubility while gold exhibited insolubility. The acid was referred to as … Read more

Differential and Integrated Rate Equation

Differential and Integrated Rate Equation Zero and First Order Kinetics

Differential and Integrated Rate Equation of Zero Order Kinetics A reaction is considered to be of zero order if its rate is independent of the concentration of the reactants. Let us consider a general zero-order reaction. Initially concentration At time … Read more

Allotropes of Phosphorus: Properties, Structure, Synthesis

Allotropes of Phosphorus

Phosphorus is highly reactive and therefore does not exist in its elemental form in nature. Phosphates tend to occur in an amalgamated state. The significant phosphate minerals include: Phosphate rock or phosphorite: Ca3(PO4)2Fluorapatite: 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2Chlorapatite: 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaCl2Vivianite: Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O In addition to the … Read more