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Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and processes in plants, animals, and microbes, as well as the changes during development and life.

  • The study of chemical compounds and reactions occurring in living organisms is known as biochemistry.
  • It significantly overlaps with organic chemistry because most molecules in living cells contain carbon.
  • It is concerned with the chemistry of life, and it employs analytical, organic, and physical chemistry techniques, as well as those of physiologists interested in the molecular foundation of vital processes.
  • It is the study of substances such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that are involved in the chemistry of living organisms.
  • The study of the structures and interactions of biological macromolecules is known as biochemistry.
  • Protein, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates are examples of macromolecules found in your body. As a result, biochemistry is being used in botany, medicine, and gene enhancement research. Biochemistry is now attempting to discover the secret of life and how biological components influence the processes that occur within living cells. This research will aid in understanding the entire functioning organism.
  • Biochemistry aids in understanding the chemical base that gives rise to the process via biological substances occurring between and within living cells. This, in turn, refers to an understanding of tissues and organs, as well as the structure and functioning of organisms. As a result, biochemistry can also be described as the study of molecular biology that is concerned with the molecular processes of biological phenomena.
  • Biochemistry is divided into numerous branches, each having its own specialization and area of study. Some important branches of biochemistry include:
    • Structural biochemistry: A branch of biochemistry helps to understand the chemical architecture of biological macromolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). It is the study of the shapes encompassed by all of these macromolecules (specified at the atomic level) and the molecular interactions driving the formation of functional superstructures (e.g., ribosomes).
    • Bioorganic chemistry: It involves the study of organic substances (those containing carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds) derived particularly from living beings.
    • Molecular biology: The branch seeks to study and explore in depth the biochemical and metabolic cycles of living creatures, in addition to the integration and disintegration of molecules, to gain a greater understanding of the activities of living systems. The field focuses on analyzing the behavior, interactions, and production of biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes, hormones, and so on, to explain the biological life activities of organisms at the molecular level.
    • Genetics: Genetics is a subfield of biochemistry that studies genes, their mutations/variations, and the features of inheritance in living organisms. It is the study of an organism’s genetic makeup, including its traits, capacities, and diseases.
    • Chemical ecology: It deals with the synthesis and response of signaling molecules (semi-chemicals) as well as compounds that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms (allelochemicals).
    • Metabolic biochemistry: A branch of biochemistry aims to understand the various types of metabolic pathways at the cellular and organic levels. The fields derived from metabolic biochemistry include bioenergetics, nutritional biochemistry, and clinical biochemistry.
    • Molecular genetics and genetic engineering: A branch of biochemistry and molecular biology that investigates genes, their origins, and their expression. It also investigates gene insertion, gene silencing, and the effect of variable gene expression.
    • Enzymology: It is concerned with the study of biological catalysts (mostly enzymatic proteins known as enzymes, but also catalytic RNAs known as ribozymes). Biochemical studies are conducted on the reaction kinetics, interactions involved in the transition state of enzymes and substrates, catalytic mechanism, enzymatic expression, control, and activity of enzymes.
    • Cell biology: The field of science is concerned with the structure and functioning of cells in living organisms. Cell biology is necessary for understanding the inherent biological operations that cells perform during their life cycle, such as respiration, feeding, cell division, chemical synthesis, defense systems, cell death, and others. The field is closely related to fields such as physiology, histology, and microbiology.
    • Immunology: It focuses on how an organism reacts to an antigenic challenge and determines what is and is not part of itself. It deals with the organism’s defense mechanisms, which include all the physical, chemical, and biological traits that assist it to fight off its vulnerability to invading organisms, material, etc.
  • Biochemistry assists in understanding the chemical characteristics of several biological processes such as digestion, breathing, reproduction, excretion, hormone behavior, muscle contraction and relaxation, and many more.
  • It is required for the development and production of diverse chemical and biological products, clinical diagnosis, nutrition, disease treatment, agriculture, and so on.
  • Biochemistry ensures long-term viability. It is a large field of study that provides limitless employment opportunities, hence alleviating world poverty and malnutrition.

Reducing vs Non-Reducing Sugar- Definition, 9 Key Differences, Examples

September 16, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Reducing Sugar vs Non-Reducing Sugar

Reducing Sugar Definition Reducing sugar is a type of sugar that consists of a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group, allowing the molecule to act as a reducing … Read more

Oxidation vs Reduction- Definition, 8 Major Differences, Examples

May 28, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Oxidation vs Reduction

Oxidation Definition Oxidation is a chemical process involving the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion, which increases the oxidation state of the chemical species. The historical definition … Read more

Fats vs Oils- Definition, 14 Major Differences, Examples

March 31, 2021March 30, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Fats vs Oils

Fats Definition Fat is a type of nutrient composed of the ester of fatty acids and their mixtures which occur in living beings and are taken up through different food … Read more

Enzymes vs Coenzymes- Definition, 8 Major Differences, Examples

March 31, 2021March 28, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Enzymes vs Coenzymes

Enzymes Definition Enzymes are biological molecules that act as biological catalysts and accelerate the rate of chemical reactions in living systems. Enzymes are proteins that act on molecules, known as … Read more

Glucose vs Sucrose- Definition and 13 Major Differences

March 31, 2021March 26, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Glucose vs Sucrose

Glucose Definition Figure: Glucose Structure. Glucose is a simple form of sugar that is the primary source of energy in the living systems. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide on … Read more

Deoxyribose vs Ribose Sugar- Definition and 8 Key Differences

March 31, 2021March 25, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Deoxyribose vs Ribose Sugar

Deoxyribose Sugar Definition Deoxyribose is a five-carbon monosaccharide which is the sugar that forms the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules. As the name suggests, deoxyribose is formed by the loss … Read more

Cofactors vs Coenzymes- Definition, 11 Key Differences, Examples

March 31, 2021March 12, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Cofactors vs Coenzymes

Cofactors Definition A cofactor is the non-protein part of an enzyme that is essential for the enzyme’s activity as a catalyst. Cofactors, together with the apoenzyme (protein component), form the … Read more

Amylase vs Amylose- Definition and 10 Major Differences

March 31, 2021March 12, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Amylase vs Amylose

Amylase Definition Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch to form smaller sugar units by breaking down the glycosidic linkages between glucose units. Amylases are of two … Read more

Aldoses vs Ketoses- Definition, 7 Major Differences, Examples

February 25, 2021 by Anupama Sapkota
Aldoses vs Ketoses

Aldoses Definition An aldose is a monosaccharide consisting of a carbon backbone and a carbonyl group at carbon-1, resulting in an aldehyde group. The general formula of aldoses is the … Read more

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