Colligative Properties Formulae

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Colligative Properties Formulae
Colligative Properties Formulae

Expression for the Concentration of Solution

Normality: The normality of the solution is defined as the number of gram equivalent of solute dissolved in 1 litre of the solution.

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Molarity: The molarity of the solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per litre of the solution.

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Formality: The formality of the solution is defined as the number of formula weight of the solute dissolved in 1 litre of the solution. It is used to express the concentration of ionic substances.

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Molality: It is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 Kg of the solvent.

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Mole Fraction: The ration of the number of moles of the component to the total number of the moles of all components (solute and solvent) present in the solution.

Let us consider a solution containing n moles of solute and N moles of solvent

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Gram per litre:  It is defined as the amount of solute in gram present in 1 litre of the solution.

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Percentage by Weight (% as w/w): It is defined as the weight of the solute in gram present in 100 gm of the solution.

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Percentage by Volume (% as w/v): It is defined as the weight of solute in gram present per 100 ml of the solution.

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Formulas of Lowering of Vapour Pressure

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P = Vapour Pressure of Pure Liquid

Ps = Vapour Pressure of the solution

M = Molecular Weight of solvent

m = Molecular Weight of solute

w = weight of solute

W = weight of solvent

Formulas of Elevation of Boiling Point

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T = Boiling Point of Solution

To = Boiling Point of Solvent

Kb = Molal Elevation constant

Cm = Molality of the solute

Hv = Latent heat of vaporization

Formulas of Depression of Freezing Point

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T = freezing point of the solution

To = Freezing point of the solvent

Kf = molal depression constant

Hf = Latent Heat of fusion

Formulas for Osmotic Pressure

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Formulas for Van’t Hoff Factor

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About Author

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Jyoti Bashyal

Jyoti Bashyal is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at the University of New Mexico, USA. Her research focuses on understanding the structure-function relationships in glucose transporters (GLUTs) and their implications for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes. By investigating how these proteins work at the molecular level, Jyoti aims to contribute to drug discovery efforts targeting these critical transporters. She is particularly interested in exploring how high-throughput protein expression and crystallization techniques can be applied to better understand carbohydrate-related proteins and their therapeutic potential. Blending her expertise in chemistry, biology, and computational tools, Jyoti is driven by a passion for solving complex scientific challenges. Outside the lab, she is a dedicated science communicator who loves making complex concepts approachable and engaging. Through writing and sharing her knowledge, she hopes to inspire curiosity and excitement about science. Jyoti’s goal is to connect groundbreaking discoveries with real-world impact, encouraging others to see the power and beauty of science in action.

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