Jyoti Bashyal 
Electron orbitals are areas within the atom where electrons are most likely to be located. Electrons are not merely floating around within the atom; rather, they are confined within electron orbitals. What is an Electron Orbital? Electron orbitals are three-dimensional spaces surrounding … Read more
A chemical reaction occurs when a chemical change occurs. In other words, a chemical reaction causes a chemical change in the reactants. There are several types of chemical reactions. All potential chemical reactions are classified into many groups based on … Read more
Isomers are molecules having the same chemical formula but distinct structural configurations. Constitutional isomers and stereoisomers are two types of isomers. The structural isomers or constitutional isomers differ in the way their atoms are connected, and this phenomenon is known … Read more
A bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction results in a change in the configuration of a chiral center known as a “Walden inversion reaction.” This inversion, also known as optical inversion, may or may not result in a change in the … Read more
The atomic number of protactinium is 91. It is found in f-block and Period 7 of the periodic chart. The symbol ‘Pa’ represents it. The name derives from word “Protos,” which translates to “first,” is combined with the element “Actinium,” … Read more
The atomic number of thorium is 90. It is found in f-block and Period 7 of the periodic chart. The symbol ‘Th’ represents it. The name derives from the Scandinavian deity of war, ‘Thor’. Actinium is found only in trace … Read more
Water has an extraordinarily high boiling point temperature, close to 100°C. The heat of vaporization is the term for the amount of energy needed to convert one gram of liquid water into water vapor due to the network of hydrogen … Read more
The atomic number of actinium is 89. It is found in f-block and Period 7 of the periodic chart. The symbol ‘Ac’ represents it. The name is derived from the ancient Greek word ‘aktis’, meaning beam or ray. Actinium is … Read more
Radium is a chemical element with an atomic number of 88 and is represented by the symbol ‘Ra’ in the periodic table. It is silvery-white in appearance classified as alkaline earth metal and belongs to group 2 of the periodic … Read more