Jyoti Bashyal 
Ion exchange chromatography (IEC), along with ion-partition/interaction and ion-exclusion chromatography, is an important analytical technique for the separation and determination of ionic compounds. This separation is based on ionic (or electrostatic) interactions between ionic and polar analytes, ions in the eluent, … Read more
The size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method, also known as gel-filtration chromatography, separates biological molecules based on their molecular size. It is not an adsorption technique in comparison to other chromatographic techniques. Size exclusion chromatography is a technique that separates compounds based … Read more
Cope rearrangement of 1,5-dienes is one of the most fundamental C-C bonds-formation reactions available to synthetic chemists today. It is exceptional in the formation of highly stereospecific and predictable C-C σ -bonds between non functionalized carbon centers. Elizabeth Hardy and Arthur … Read more
Paper chromatography is a simple yet effective detective tool for separating and analyzing the constituents of a mixture. Because paper chromatography is so similar to thin-layer chromatography (TLC), it is often used to teach TLC and other chromatography techniques. It … Read more
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the most useful tools in phytochemistry and biotechnology for monitoring the progress of organic chemical reactions and determining the purity of organic compounds. Like all chromatographic methods, TLC uses the analyte’s different affinity … Read more
Aldol condensations are significant in the synthesis of organic compounds because they offer a reliable method for forming carbon-carbon bonds. One of the crucial reactions involving carbonyl compounds (i.e. aldehydes and ketones) is the aldol condensation reaction. The Robinson annulation … Read more
Column chromatography is a technique for separating a single chemical compound from a mixture that has been dissolved in a fluid. It separates substances based on the differential adsorption of compounds to the adsorbent as the compounds move through the … Read more
Mass spectroscopy of Elements helps for determining the atomic mass of atoms or molecules. It can be used to determine a compound’s relative isotopic abundance, atomic and molecular mass, and structure. A Mass Spectrometry result is a graph that plots … Read more
In the modern world, it is challenging to get through a single day without interacting with electrochemistry. An electrochemical reaction provides the necessary energy for any device that requires a battery. Around us, there is a sizable “electric world.” Electricity … Read more