Kabita Sharma 
Gattermann Koch reaction involves the reaction of benzene with CO and HCl in the presence of Lewis catalysts e.g., AlCl3 to form benzaldehyde. In 1897, L. Gattermann and J.A. Koch developed this reaction process. They successfully added an aldehyde group … Read more
The Gattermann reaction is an organic reaction that involves the formylation of aromatic compounds by a reaction of hydrogen cyanide and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as AlCl3. Formylation is the process of attaching the formyl group … Read more
Birch reduction is a reduction reaction that converts aromatic compounds to dienes. The reaction is carried out in the presence of alcohol by sodium or potassium metal dissolved in liquid ammonia. Australian scientist Arthur Birch initially published the Birch Reduction during World War … Read more
The carbylamine reaction, commonly called Hofmann’s isocyanide test, is a chemical test used to identify primary amines. This reaction involves the reaction of primary amine with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and chloroform to form isocyanide. What is the carbylamine reaction? When aromatic and aliphatic … Read more
Hoffmann bromamide reaction involves the conversion of an amide into a primary amine with one carbon less, by the reaction of amide with bromine in an aqueous NaOH. August Wilhelm Von Hoffmann described Hoffmann’s bromamide degradation process. It is also known … Read more
Woodward hydroxylation reaction involves the synthesis of syn-diols or cis-diols from alkenes by hydroxylation. A modified version of the Prevost hydroxylation process, the Woodward hydroxylation reaction includes treating alkenes with iodine and silver acetate in the presence of water to … Read more
The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic process that involves the reaction between a deprotonated alcohol (alkoxide) and an organohalide to produce ether. Alexander Williamson invented this reaction in 1850. Typically, it entails an SN2 reaction between an alkoxide ion and … Read more
Penicillin is a kind of antibiotic that is often used to treat gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. Due to the presence of a beta-lactam ring in their structure, these medications are also known as beta-lactam antibiotics. In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming, a … Read more
The term “wastewater” refers to any body of water whose quality has been diminished as a result of human activity. Wastewater is made up of both liquid and solid waste that is discharged from residential and commercial properties, industrial operations, … Read more