Jyoti Bashyal 
The Beckmann rearrangement reaction, named after the German scientist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is an acid-catalyzed conversion of an oxime to an amide. In the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and natural compounds, the Beckmann rearrangement is a sophisticated transformation that is … Read more
Introduction to Bond Breaking and Bond Formation Chemical reactions include the conversion of one or more chemicals into others. During a chemical reaction, atom bonds are broken and new bonds are established to form new molecules. This is known as … Read more
Introduction to Electrolysis Electrolysis is the process of breaking down a chemical complex into its component parts or other compounds by exposing it to an electric current Electrolysis is made up of the phrases “electro” (electricity or electrons) and “lysis” … Read more
The simplest formula of a compound, which represents the whole number ratio of atoms of different elements present in a compound or a class of compounds, is called the empirical formula. The proportion of distinct elements in a series of … Read more
Electronegativity Electronegativity (E.N) is the general tendency of an atom in a molecule to draw the shared pair of electrons toward itself. It is defined as an atom’s ability to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond. It is … Read more
The Mannich reaction is a fundamental and significant C-C bond formation process in organic synthesis. The Mannich reaction is an organic reaction that is used to create a β-amino carbonyl molecule from a primary or secondary amine and two carbonyl compounds … Read more
Swarts Reaction is an organic reaction that converts alkyl chlorides/alkyl bromides to alkyl fluorides. Frederick Jean Edmond Swarts reported this method in 1892.This reaction is carried out by heating the alkyl chloride/alkyl bromide in the presence of heavy metal fluorides … Read more
The Tyndall effect is a scientific phenomenon that takes place when light gets scattered as it goes through a colloidal solution, like water drops, dust particles, or air molecules. The phenomenon mentioned in this statement is called the Tyndall effect. … Read more
In chemistry, it’s important to recognize that water molecules can be found in crystalline solids. This is often referred to as water of crystallization or water of hydration. The phenomenon of water crystallization applies to the molecular arrangement of salt … Read more