Jyoti Bashyal 
The Beckmann rearrangement reaction, named after the German scientist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is an acid-catalyzed conversion of an oxime to an amide. In the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and natural … Read more
Introduction to Bond Breaking and Bond Formation Chemical reactions include the conversion of one or more chemicals into others. During a chemical reaction, atom bonds are broken and new bonds … Read more
Introduction to Electrolysis Electrolysis is the process of breaking down a chemical complex into its component parts or other compounds by exposing it to an electric current Electrolysis is made … Read more
The simplest formula of a compound, which represents the whole number ratio of atoms of different elements present in a compound or a class of compounds, is called the empirical … Read more
Electronegativity Electronegativity (E.N) is the general tendency of an atom in a molecule to draw the shared pair of electrons toward itself. It is defined as an atom’s ability to … Read more
The Mannich reaction is a fundamental and significant C-C bond formation process in organic synthesis. The Mannich reaction is an organic reaction that is used to create a β-amino carbonyl molecule … Read more
Swarts Reaction is an organic reaction that converts alkyl chlorides/alkyl bromides to alkyl fluorides. Frederick Jean Edmond Swarts reported this method in 1892.This reaction is carried out by heating the … Read more
The Tyndall effect is a scientific phenomenon that takes place when light gets scattered as it goes through a colloidal solution, like water drops, dust particles, or air molecules. The … Read more
In chemistry, it’s important to recognize that water molecules can be found in crystalline solids. This is often referred to as water of crystallization or water of hydration. The phenomenon … Read more