Acid Catalyzed Hydration

Acid Catalyzed Hydration

Acid catalyzed hydration is a chemical process that happens when an acidic catalyst causes the addition of water to an unsaturated substrate. In an acidic media, for example, an ethene solution can undergo hydration to create alcohol. Sulfuric acid and … Read more

Molecular Dipole and Geometry of Compounds

Molecular Dipole

Bond dipole and molecular dipole are two words used to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of chemical species. The primary distinction between bond dipole and molecular dipole is that bond dipole refers to the formation of two polar ends … Read more

Amino Functional Group

Amino Functional Group

A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for a molecule’s characteristic. One or more functional groups are found in many biologically active compounds. The various functional groups are  hydroxyl, methyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, … Read more

Electron Orbitals

Electron Orbital

Electron orbitals are areas within the atom where electrons are most likely to be located. Electrons are not merely floating around within the atom; rather, they are confined within electron orbitals. What is an Electron Orbital? Electron orbitals are three-dimensional spaces surrounding … Read more

Constitutional Isomers: 5 Important Types and Examples

Constitutional Isomers

Isomers are molecules having the same chemical formula but distinct structural configurations. Constitutional isomers and stereoisomers are two types of isomers. The structural isomers or constitutional isomers differ in the way their atoms are connected, and this phenomenon is known … Read more

Walden Inversion Reaction: Mechanism, Example

Walden Inversion Reaction

A bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction results in a change in the configuration of a chiral center known as a “Walden inversion reaction.” This inversion, also known as optical inversion, may or may not result in a change in the … Read more