Kabita Sharma 
In 1911, Rutherford and his assistants, H. Geiger, and E. Marsden, conducted the Alpha Particle scattering experiment, which resulted in the formation of the ‘nuclear model of an atom.’ α-ray Scattering Experiment was a successful attempt to present a Rutherford atomic … Read more
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow that a liquid exhibits because of the internal friction that occurs between the different layers of the fluid. The majority of fluids have some resistance to motion, and we refer to … Read more
Fractional distillation is a method of separating the various components of a chemical mixture into different parts (called fractions) based on their boiling points. In fractional distillation, a liquid mixture is evaporated to produce a mixture of constituents, from which the … Read more
Nanolithography is a subfield of nanotechnology that refers to the process of imprinting , writing, or etching patterns on a tiny scale to build extremely small structures. Nanolithography is primarily used in a variety of technological fields ranging from electronics … Read more
Nanotoxicology is concerned with determining the negative consequences of nanoparticles on human health and the environment. Nanotoxicology seeks to define and identify the hazards of manufactured nanomaterials and necessitates a multidisciplinary team approach that includes toxicology, biology, chemistry, physics, material … Read more
Guillaume-François Rouelle proposed an acid-base titration in 1754 as one of the titration processes. An acid-base titration is a quantitative analysis method for determining the concentration of an acid or base by precisely neutralizing it with a known concentration standard … Read more
Titration is a typical quantitative/chemical analysis method used in laboratories to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant (analyte). The method is based on a chemical reaction between a standard solution (titrant) and an analyte solution.Titration is one of … Read more
A mixture is made up of one or more pure components with different ratios. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When compared to homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures can be visually divided into individual components. The most prevalent kind of … Read more
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) developed by Dr. Gerd Binnig and his colleagues in 1981 at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland, is the first instrument capable of directly obtaining three-dimensional (3D) images of solid surfaces with atomic resolution. … Read more