Kabita Sharma 
Pericyclic reactions are concentrated reactions that proceed through the cyclic transition state. It requires light or heat and is highly stereospecific. Pericyclic reactions involve the cyclic rearrangement of π or σ electrons in a single concerted step. Since the electronic … Read more
What are Alkali metals? Elements of group IA are called alkali metals. The word alkali is derived from the Arabic word alquli, meaning ashes of plants, because the plant ashes are particularly rich in sodium and potassium carbonates. In the … Read more
The titrimetric analysis is an analytical method involving measuring the volume of a reagent reacting stoichiometrically with the analyte. The volumetric analysis measures the volume of the solution of known concentration required to react completely with the analyte. The volumetric … Read more
SN1 reaction of a two-step reaction mechanism. In which the formation of carbocation takes place before the nucleophile approaches the substrate. Generally, secondary and tertiary haloalkanes show SN1 reactions. The SN2 reaction is a concerted reaction in which the attack … Read more
The bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2 reaction) is a one-step reaction that involves the transition state. The attack of a nucleophile on the substrate and the departure of the leaving group occur simultaneously in this reaction. Since both the substrate and … Read more
Defects in the crystal structure are imperfections in the crystalline solids’ regular geometrical arrangement of atoms. Temperature, pressure, impurities, and crystal formation conditions influence the size of the crystal and its perfection. As a crystal grows, various defects may appear. … Read more
Phenols are aromatic compounds with a hydroxyl group directly connected to an aromatic ring. They are hydroxy derivatives of benzene. The general formula of phenol is C6H6O. Phenol was discovered by Runge (1834) in coal-tar and he named it carbolic … Read more
Friedrich Miescher first isolated nucleic acid from the nuclei of leukocytes from discarded surgical bandages and named it nuclein. Nuclein was later discovered to be a combination of basic protein and phosphorous-containing organic acid, now known as nucleic acid. Nucleic … Read more
Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed in the overall process. They consist of hundreds and thousands of amino acids liked together in a specific order. So, enzymes are proteins made up … Read more