Ceramics: Definition, Properties, Types, Applications

Ceramics

Ceramics are a broad class of materials identified for their amazing qualities that distinguish them from metals and polymers. These non-metallic, inorganic compounds have a distinct set of properties, such as high melting temperatures, extraordinary hardness, superior electrical insulation, and … Read more

Dye-ligand Chromatography: Principle, Protocol, Uses

Dye-ligand chromatography

Dye-ligand chromatography is a purification method that provides high-purity factors and unique selectivity. Dye ligands can function as substrate analogs, forming affinity interactions with their corresponding enzymes. The process of separating chemicals from a mixture is called chromatography. Extracting particular proteins from … Read more

Mond’s Process: Principle, Application

Mond's process

Mond’s process is used to extract and purify nickel. In this process, nickel oxide is converted into pure nickel. This procedure takes advantage of nickel’s easy and reversible complexation with carbon monoxide that results in nickel tetracarbonyl. In 1890, Ludwig Mond invented … Read more

Intermolecular forces: Definition, Types, Effects

Intermolecular forces

Intermolecular forces refer to the attraction between atoms, molecules, and ions nearby. This differs from intramolecular forces, which refer to covalent bonding within molecules.When two particles have an intermolecular interaction, the positive (+) charge on one attracts the negative (-) … Read more

Micelle: Formation, Properties, Shape, Applications

Micelle

Micelle is an assembly of amphiphilic molecules suspended in a liquid. Surfactants dissociate in water, resulting in a colloidal suspension. They, as defined by IUPAC, are colloidal particles that exist in equilibrium with the molecules or ions in their solutions. They … Read more

Toxicity Analysis: Methods, Importance

Toxicity analysis

Toxicity analysis is crucial in the drug discovery and development process to assess the safety of a drug candidate and identify the adverse effects of the drug candidate, such as genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and so on. Our exposure to chemicals is increasing … Read more